Analysis of Climate Justice literature
Quinn Asena
Introduction
This document is the output of a reproducible workflow for the bibliometric and topic analysis supporting the submitted publication. Included in the repository hosted on figshare is the source code and additional analyses including figures not included in the main text.
Corpus overview
Publication types (books, artilces…) before filtering
Plotting results before filtering
Filtering
Initial results: 1827
Filtering to keep: “Article”, “Review”, “Book Chapter”, “Book”, “Conference Paper”, “Note”
Filtering to remove results with no abstract/text to analyse
After filtering: 1683 remain.
Table of results
Results after filtering.
date range of results: 1997-01-01, 2021-12-01
Top 15 most popular journals
Environmental Justice journal established in March 2008.
Number of publications from the top 15 journals
Publications through time
Figure truncated to 2020.
Table of the number of publications through time.
Publications through time normalised to 2010: Shows the growth of publications on climate justice (dark purple) relative to publications in all of science (red) and the environment subject area (blue). Figure truncated to 2020.
Mean number of authors through time
Table of mean authors through time:
Most productive authors
Most cited papers
Most productive countries
Corpus analysis
Most common words in abstracts.
Exploratory plot. No surprises, good check for unexpected common words.
Most common word pairs in abstracts
Network of word pairs
Network graph of most commonly joined words. “Note that this is a visualization of a Markov chain, a common model in text processing, where the choice of a word only depends on its previous word”.
The bigram count values have been log transformed to show a stronger colour gradient in the visualisation but the labels show the true count.
Correlating word pairs
Shows expected result; however, individual abstracts too small to be robust. Ultimately excluded as unnecessary from final results.
The following is bigrams grouped by article rather than all article abstracts. Probably not useful to analyse per abstract but highlights some possible filtering is necessary on abstract texts?
Author keywords
Most common keywords used by Authors. 494 documents out of 1683 do not have keywords.
Frequency of search terms in abstract over time
Shows strong patterns in search terms over time (note that there are only a few publications in early years). Excluded from main text as the focus of the work is on trends in topics.
LDA
To explore the topics within the corpus, search terms (climate, change, justice, social, environmental, global, and warming) have been excluded from the topic model. Other frequent but not meaningful terms (i.e., article, research and studies) have also been removed.
## A topic model with 6 topics, 1683 documents and a 9620 word dictionary.## Topic 1 Top Words:
## Highest Prob: educ, sustain, food, student, scienc, book, agricultur
## FREX: student, farmer, speci, heritag, creativ, teacher, soil
## Lift: agroecolog, ander, apocalypt, aquif, attrit, author’, beck
## Score: educ, student, book, teach, food, music, teacher
## Topic 2 Top Words:
## Highest Prob: sustain, develop, approach, issu, human, paper, practic
## FREX: tourism, philosophi, sdg, literatur, concept, ethic, conceptu
## Lift: confucian, mayan, ecg, ecumen, encycl, ontolog, philosophi
## Score: ethic, tourism, sustain, moral, daylight, human, ecg
## Topic 3 Top Words:
## Highest Prob: polici, develop, emiss, countri, intern, carbon, mitig
## FREX: financ, unfccc, parti, compens, eu, agreement, cap
## Lift: 0.04, 0.12, 1,227, 10.2, 1011, 104, 105
## Score: emiss, carbon, unfccc, compens, agreement, pari, negoti
## Topic 4 Top Words:
## Highest Prob: adapt, health, commun, vulner, urban, impact, risk
## FREX: heat, exposur, resid, censu, urban, extrem, citi
## Lift: 0.001, 0.002, 0.006, 0.008, 0.010, 0.013, 0.016
## Score: health, urban, adapt, heat, exposur, flood, citi
## Topic 5 Top Words:
## Highest Prob: polit, movement, energi, power, govern, frame, commun
## FREX: contest, feminist, divest, labour, transit, redd, intersect
## Lift: agit, attun, auster, corpu, drr, fff, guilt
## Score: movement, activist, energi, redd, transit, divest, feminist
## Topic 6 Top Words:
## Highest Prob: right, human, law, indigen, peopl, legal, resourc
## FREX: coal, court, litig, jurisdict, law, cc, tribal
## Lift: abrupt, adger, adjoin, ai, amend, backward, biocapac
## Score: law, litig, right, court, legal, coal, indigen
LDA loop
Four to ten topics
Topics 4
Topic 1 Top Words:
Highest Prob: sustain, human, indigen, issu, health, educ, natur
FREX: student, book, disciplin, religi, teach, profession, nurs
Lift: 150, 1948, 1988, aag, academi, accredit, activist'
Score: student, educ, health, book, teach, nurs, food
Topic 2 Top Words:
Highest Prob: polit, polici, paper, approach, adapt, respons, argu
FREX: discours, tourism, liber, moral, domin, frame, norm
Lift: 1,227, 120000, 12th, 148, 1850, 188, 1969
Score: discours, adapt, ethic, theori, moral, frame, norm
Topic 3 Top Words:
Highest Prob: commun, adapt, vulner, urban, health, impact, risk
FREX: urban, flood, heat, exposur, resid, coastal, household
Lift: 0.010, 10.4, 100,000, 2047, 2051, 21.7, 35
Score: urban, health, flood, heat, exposur, adapt, citi
Topic 4 Top Words:
Highest Prob: develop, emiss, intern, energi, countri, right, carbon
FREX: law, agreement, fossil, pari, coal, court, litig
Lift: 140, 1978, 1994, 1995, 43, 77, abnorm
Score: emiss, law, carbon, pari, agreement, litig, intern
Topics 5
Topic 1 Top Words:
Highest Prob: adapt, polici, emiss, develop, carbon, countri, mitig
FREX: emiss, redd, compens, ghg, carbon, forest, budget
Lift: 43, administ, approach’, avers, barlei, beset, biocapac
Score: adapt, emiss, carbon, redd, mitig, financ, compens
Topic 2 Top Words:
Highest Prob: polit, action, movement, understand, frame, discours, power
FREX: frame, intersect, discours, nepal, scholarship, contest, narr
Lift: agit, anxiou, apwld, archaeologi, attun, britain, broadsheet
Score: frame, movement, polit, seal, activist, discours, narr
Topic 3 Top Words:
Highest Prob: sustain, develop, econom, energi, polici, govern, intern
FREX: tourism, eu, sdg, divest, sustain, coal, economi
Lift: 1978, 1995, ab, actant, activist', āina, aloha
Score: sustain, divest, tourism, economi, green, energi, negoti
Topic 4 Top Words:
Highest Prob: human, right, indigen, ethic, issu, natur, educ
FREX: philosophi, creativ, teacher, mathemat, aviat, cours, nonhuman
Lift: literari, philosophi, 1,000, 1,650, 1.2, 10.1002, 100000
Score: right, student, indigen, ethic, teach, educ, philosophi
Topic 5 Top Words:
Highest Prob: health, commun, urban, vulner, impact, citi, risk
FREX: citi, flood, heat, exposur, resid, sea, weather
Lift: 35, 61, 65, 69, 76, acr, allerg
Score: health, urban, flood, heat, exposur, wildfir, censu
Topics 6
Topic 1 Top Words:
Highest Prob: emiss, right, intern, countri, respons, human, develop
FREX: law, legal, unfccc, court, litig, compens, duti
Lift: 1995, 43, 77, abnorm, aep, amend, angai
Score: emiss, law, redd, carbon, pari, unfccc, litig
Topic 2 Top Words:
Highest Prob: health, sustain, human, food, system, environ, develop
FREX: nurs, covid, chemic, healthi, child, contamin, biolog
Lift: 05, 07, 1,000, 1,650, 1.2, 100000, 1018
Score: health, nurs, food, seal, exposur, sdg, compost
Topic 3 Top Words:
Highest Prob: urban, vulner, commun, citi, risk, impact, water
FREX: flood, heat, resid, coastal, sea, censu, neighborhood
Lift: 61, 69, aborigin, ada, adjoin, allerg, ambient
Score: urban, flood, citi, heat, coastal, censu, wildfir
Topic 4 Top Words:
Highest Prob: polit, human, ethic, issu, frame, understand, movement
FREX: essai, philosophi, narr, interdepend, nonhuman, youth, book
Lift: 1029, 1046, 116, 118, 12th, 144, 160
Score: student, ethic, divest, educ, book, prince’, narr
Topic 5 Top Words:
Highest Prob: energi, indigen, polit, econom, develop, movement, economi
FREX: energi, renew, tourism, capitalist, fossil, transit, fuel
Lift: redistribut, 0.04, 0.12, 1,474.21, 1,895.41, 104, 120
Score: energi, fossil, fuel, transit, indigen, economi, ecg
Topic 6 Top Words:
Highest Prob: adapt, polici, develop, commun, approach, govern, sustain
FREX: literatur, particip, adapt, review, process, ej, equiti
Lift: abrupt, attende, bibliometr, burner, cb, ccd, devolv
Score: adapt, particip, literatur, procedur, daylight, ccd, govern
Topics 7
Topic 1 Top Words:
Highest Prob: health, educ, issu, student, commun, scienc, action
FREX: student, tourism, teach, nurs, covid, divest, teacher
Lift: accredit, activist', adolesc, agit, ai, anxiou, biomed
Score: health, educ, student, nurs, teacher, teach, seal
Topic 2 Top Words:
Highest Prob: sustain, food, econom, develop, system, agricultur, natur
FREX: farmer, eco, sdg, crop, soil, agrarian, biolog
Lift: hopi, marshland, rm, 1987, agrarian, apartheid, biolog
Score: sustain, agricultur, food, biodivers, farmer, sdg, g
Topic 3 Top Words:
Highest Prob: polit, ethic, movement, understand, frame, theori, issu
FREX: philosophi, frame, discours, ethic, theori, narr, polit
Lift: ander, clement, limin, mayan, islam, literari, ontologi
Score: ethic, discours, prince’, theori, moral, philosophi, anthropocen
Topic 4 Top Words:
Highest Prob: adapt, polici, develop, govern, approach, sustain, local
FREX: adapt, literatur, govern, implement, equiti, capac, polici
Lift: acf, actant, angai, behav, bibliometr, cb, cbfm
Score: adapt, redd, procedur, daylight, forest, sustain, polici
Topic 5 Top Words:
Highest Prob: urban, vulner, commun, citi, risk, water, health
FREX: flood, heat, resid, censu, urban, citi, exposur
Lift: 61, 69, adger, adjoin, allerg, ambient, carolina
Score: urban, flood, heat, citi, exposur, health, wildfir
Topic 6 Top Words:
Highest Prob: emiss, energi, carbon, countri, develop, polici, mitig
FREX: emiss, carbon, ghg, cap, debt, energi, solar
Lift: avers, barlei, confucian, founder, itt, leakag, railroad
Score: emiss, carbon, energi, pari, ga, greenhous, agreement
Topic 7 Top Words:
Highest Prob: right, human, indigen, law, peopl, intern, legal
FREX: court, litig, pacif, right, indigen, law, sid
Lift: 27, austronesian, backward, cemeteri, cop25, court', courtroom
Score: right, indigen, law, litig, legal, court, damag
Topics 8
Topic 1 Top Words:
Highest Prob: sustain, develop, scienc, practic, issu, educ, approach
FREX: learn, scienc, student, educ, teacher, engin, gender
Lift: ccd, 112, 1890, 193, 1985, 2015a, 250
Score: educ, student, learn, sustain, teacher, teach, daylight
Topic 2 Top Words:
Highest Prob: water, food, resourc, sustain, system, develop, forest
FREX: food, forest, redd, farmer, biolog, agricultur, water
Lift: acid, adger, agroecolog, ampl, barlei, campesina, cbfm
Score: food, forest, water, redd, agricultur, farmer, crop
Topic 3 Top Words:
Highest Prob: emiss, countri, carbon, develop, polici, mitig, nation
FREX: cap, tax, emiss, greenhous, trade, ga, carbon
Lift: 0.12, 1,474.21, 1,895.41, 10,000, 10.2, 1011, 105
Score: emiss, carbon, greenhous, ga, ghg, cap, tax
Topic 4 Top Words:
Highest Prob: human, indigen, polit, world, cultur, ecolog, natur
FREX: tourism, creativ, religion, spiritu, christian, anthropocen, nonhuman
Lift: 111, 160, 1944, 1948, 1956, 1967, 1969
Score: indigen, seal, anthropocen, tourism, prince’, ecumen, inuit
Topic 5 Top Words:
Highest Prob: disast, flood, commun, vulner, heat, level, popul
FREX: flood, censu, hurrican, wildfir, reloc, tract, heat
Lift: µg, 0.001, 0.002, 0.006, 0.008, 0.010, 0.013
Score: flood, wildfir, heat, censu, disast, tract, coastal
Topic 6 Top Words:
Highest Prob: movement, energi, polit, transit, green, organ, action
FREX: protest, grassroot, divest, movement, coalit, transit, energi
Lift: 1,227, 1,663, 1018, 12th, 144, 15.3, 15.400
Score: movement, energi, divest, activist, protest, transit, youth
Topic 7 Top Words:
Highest Prob: adapt, health, vulner, commun, urban, impact, plan
FREX: health, adapt, plan, citi, resili, urban, capac
Lift: cca, dengu, 05, 1,053, 110, 113, 150,000
Score: health, adapt, urban, citi, vulner, resili, nurs
Topic 8 Top Words:
Highest Prob: right, respons, polit, human, intern, argu, govern
FREX: legal, right, law, claim, moral, norm, litig
Lift: llc, 100000, 1029, 1046, 116, 118, 148
Score: right, negoti, law, litig, moral, duti, ethic
Topics 9
Topic 1 Top Words:
Highest Prob: water, disast, flood, resourc, region, vulner, risk
FREX: settlement, drought, flood, disast, migrat, water, hurrican
Lift: adger, apwld, ca, darl, glacial, ik, intertempor
Score: flood, water, disast, migrat, drought, coastal, nepal’
Topic 2 Top Words:
Highest Prob: commun, local, particip, project, govern, action, level
FREX: divest, commun, particip, local, project, participatori, interview
Lift: cc, cca, ccd, hei, 1,663, 144, 17,000
Score: commun, local, divest, particip, ccd, coastal, cbi
Topic 3 Top Words:
Highest Prob: polit, ethic, action, respons, frame, movement, understand
FREX: frame, ethic, narr, discours, moral, philosophi, polit
Lift: 1,227, 10.1002, 12th, 188, 1890, 1944, 1947
Score: ethic, frame, moral, movement, religi, narr, discours
Topic 4 Top Words:
Highest Prob: adapt, develop, polici, sustain, approach, urban, citi
FREX: adapt, literatur, ej, citi, capac, equiti, review
Lift: aristotelian, bibliometr, ccccjh, emerald, induct, mayan, paraguai
Score: adapt, urban, citi, plan, daylight, sustain, resili
Topic 5 Top Words:
Highest Prob: emiss, intern, polici, carbon, countri, develop, nation
FREX: redd, unfccc, litig, scheme, emiss, pari, negoti
Lift: 77, approach’, backward, bloc, cancun, canei, cbdr
Score: emiss, carbon, law, redd, pari, unfccc, negoti
Topic 6 Top Words:
Highest Prob: energi, educ, scienc, issu, student, transit, gender
FREX: engin, renew, teacher, teach, energi, student, mathemat
Lift: anthropologist, authent, broadsheet, criminologi, excel, gcc, ge
Score: energi, student, educ, engin, teach, teacher, learn
Topic 7 Top Words:
Highest Prob: indigen, fuel, fossil, world, peopl, movement, live
FREX: coal, mine, inuit, mother, music, seal, decolon
Lift: agit, author’, biogeochem, campesina, confucian, est, guilt
Score: indigen, fossil, coal, seal, inuit, prince’, mine
Topic 8 Top Words:
Highest Prob: health, urban, impact, vulner, popul, public, risk
FREX: health, heat, censu, wildfir, exposur, tract, incom
Lift: hrrlc, pm, summertim, turf, bioethic, cardiovascular, dengu
Score: health, heat, censu, exposur, tract, wildfir, urban
Topic 9 Top Words:
Highest Prob: human, sustain, right, econom, system, develop, food
FREX: labour, tourism, food, economi, right, liber, human
Lift: agroecolog, bacteri, barlei, behalf, clement, deter, enlighten
Score: food, right, tourism, sustain, human, ecg, compost
Topics 10
Topic 1 Top Words:
Highest Prob: health, urban, citi, heat, popul, public, impact
FREX: heat, toxic, nurs, censu, wildfir, urban, health
Lift: 10.4, 100,000, 2047, 2051, 21.7, 61, adjoin
Score: health, urban, heat, citi, censu, exposur, nurs
Topic 2 Top Words:
Highest Prob: natur, law, issu, resourc, human, nation, indigen
FREX: mine, ocean, epa, tribal, court, speci, declar
Lift: 0.04, 1,000, 1,650, 1.2, 100000, 104, 110th
Score: mine, court, epa, nepal’, law, king, nepal
Topic 3 Top Words:
Highest Prob: sustain, develop, system, water, food, econom, resourc
FREX: food, farmer, sdg, sustain, agricultur, gender, water
Lift: agrobiodivers, ai, bibliometr, compost, concomit, marshland, mayan
Score: sustain, food, water, agricultur, sdg, farmer, gender
Topic 4 Top Words:
Highest Prob: educ, human, indigen, student, issu, ethic, scienc
FREX: student, teach, creativ, teacher, inuit, cours, book
Lift: author’, dr, eschatologi, guilt, jenkin, laura, leopold
Score: student, educ, teacher, teach, inuit, book, seal
Topic 5 Top Words:
Highest Prob: commun, vulner, adapt, risk, plan, local, disast
FREX: coastal, sea, disast, vulner, flood, resili, reloc
Lift: abrupt, ada, apwld, cb, cca, ccd, cemeteri
Score: flood, adapt, coastal, vulner, disast, resili, sea
Topic 6 Top Words:
Highest Prob: right, intern, human, nation, develop, govern, negoti
FREX: redd, unfccc, kyoto, negoti, right, legal, regim
Lift: bloc, cbfm, devolv, eu', galleri, ironi, juliana
Score: redd, negoti, unfccc, pari, forest, law, right
Topic 7 Top Words:
Highest Prob: polici, adapt, approach, paper, impact, respons, address
FREX: literatur, polici, review, equiti, solut, dimens, implic
Lift: 148, 162, 1969, 290, 3.4, 3e', abm
Score: adapt, polici, procedur, literatur, approach, equiti, conceptu
Topic 8 Top Words:
Highest Prob: polit, movement, frame, discours, understand, action, relat
FREX: feminist, narr, intersect, frame, discours, tourism, domin
Lift: adorno, agit, anxiou, aristotelian, attun, authent, authorship
Score: movement, frame, discours, narr, feminist, tourism, daylight
Topic 9 Top Words:
Highest Prob: energi, carbon, fuel, green, emiss, fossil, transit
FREX: energi, fossil, divest, sid, aviat, fuel, renew
Lift: ander, birmingham, britain, csr, decommodif, decoupl, donald
Score: energi, fossil, carbon, fuel, divest, coal, emiss
Topic 10 Top Words:
Highest Prob: emiss, countri, principl, respons, ethic, mitig, distribut
FREX: compens, duti, fair, tax, moral, intergener, alloc
Lift: 1029, 1046, 116, 118, 194, 2025, 2056
Score: emiss, duti, compens, moral, carbon, ethic, alloc
LDA tuning
Statistical methods for identifying the optimum number of topics.
LDA tuning 2
## fit models... done.
## calculate metrics:
## Griffiths2004... done.
## CaoJuan2009... done.
## Arun2010... done.
## Deveaud2014... done.Gamma diagnostics
Checks on the result of Gamma.
Gamma through time
The Figure below shows the change in gamma through time per topic. Gamma is the probability of a document belonging to a given topic (\(k\)). The bars show the number of articles each year that belonged to that topic. Articles are considered as belonging to the topic for which they have the highest gamma.
Documents with highest Gamma per topic
Selecting top 10 documents with the highest Gamma per topic. More than
Top gamma per topic
Table of the 10 articles per topic that scored the highest gamma.
Author collaboration netrowk
Country/affiliation network
Country mentions in abstract
Most commonly mentioned countries in abstract. Some country names can be conflated with other words, e.g., Georgia the U.S. state or Georgia the country. However, conflating names is very unlikely to be an issue in this context.
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the support from the Perry lab; André Bellvé, Jacqui Vanderhoorn, and especially George Perry and Finn Lee.